Basic Hiragana Chart:
   a	i	u	e	o
   あ	い	う	え	お
   ka	ki	ku	ke	ko
   か	き	く	け	こ
   sa	si	su	se	so
   さ	し	す	せ	そ
   ta	ti	tu	te	to
   た	ち	つ	て	と
   na	ni	nu	ne	no
   な	に	ぬ	ね	の
   ha	hi	fu	he	ho
   は	ひ	ふ	へ	ほ
   ma	mi	mu	me	mo
   ま	み	む	め	も
   ya		yu		yo
   や		ゆ		よ
   ra	ri	ru	re	ro
   ら	り	る	れ	ろ
   wa		wo		
   わ		を		
   n				
   ん				
  

 
   Basic Katakana Chart:
   a	i	u	e	o
   ア	イ	ウ	エ	オ
   カ	キ	ク	ケ	コ
   サ	シ	ス	セ	ソ
   タ	チ	ツ	テ	ト
   ナ	ニ	ヌ	ネ	ノ
   ハ	ヒ	フ	ヘ	ホ
   マ	ミ	ム	メ	モ
   ヤ		ユ		ヨ
   ラ	リ	ル	レ	ロ
   ワ		ヲ		
   ン				

   Kanji	Meaning	Readings
   日	sun/day	にち (nichi), ひ (hi)
   月	moon/month	つき (tsuki), げつ (getsu)
   山	mountain	やま (yama), さん (san)
   川	river	かわ (kawa), せん (sen)
  

    U-verbs (like 飲む, nomu – "to drink")
        Present: 飲む (nomu)
        Past: 飲んだ (nonda)
        Negative: 飲まない (nomanai)

    Ru-verbs (like 食べる, taberu – "to eat")
        Present: 食べる (taberu)
        Past: 食べた (tabeta)
        Negative: 食べない (tabenai)

    Irregular verbs (like する, suru – "to do" and 来る, kuru – "to come")
        Present: する (suru), 来る (kuru)
        Past: した (shita), 来た (kita)
        Negative: しない (shinai), 来ない (konai)

Script Direction: Left to right, similar to most Latin scripts.

        A    a
        B    b
        C    c
        D    d
        E    e
        F    f
        G    g
        H    h
        I    i
        J    j
        K    k
        L    l
        M    m
        N    n
        O    o
        P    p
        Q    q
        R    r
        S    s
        T    t
        U    u
        V    v
        W    w
        X    x
        Y    y
        Z    z

• Nouns: Names of people, places, or things cat, Jack, Africa
• Verbs: Action words that indicate what is happening run, eat, think
• Adjectives: Words that describe nouns happy, blue, tall
• Adverbs: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs quickly, very, well
• Pronouns: Replace nouns to avoid repetition he, she, it, they
• Prepositions: Show relationships between nouns and other words in, on, at, to
• Conjunctions: Connect words, phrases, or clauses and, but, or
• Interjections: Express emotions or sudden exclamations wow, ouch, hey

• Complete Sentences: Must have a subject and a verb.
  Example: "She runs."
• Subject-Verb Agreement: The subject and verb must match in number.
  Example: "He runs" (singular) vs. "They run" (plural).
• Use of Articles: "A" before consonant sounds,
  "an" before vowel sounds,
  and "the" for specific items.
  Example: "a book," "an apple," "the car."
  
• Consistent Verb Tenses: Maintain the same tense throughout a sentence.
  Example: "I went to the store and bought milk."
  
• Avoid Double Negatives: Two negatives create a positive.
  Example: "I don’t know anything" instead of "I don’t know nothing."
  
• Active vs. Passive Voice: Use active voice for clarity.
  Example: "Ravi wrote the report" is clearer than "The report was written by Ravi."
  

• Incorrect Question Formation: Invert the subject and auxiliary verb. Example of proper form: "Are you coming?"
  rather than improper: "You are coming?"
  
• Fragmented Sentences: Ensure sentences are complete.
  Example of proper form: "I left early because I was tired"
  rather than improper: "Because I was tired."